prokurorebisaTvis yvelaze Zlier samxils warmoadgens aRiarebiTi
Cveneba, romlis safuZvelzec xdeba eWvmitanilisaTvis sasjelis wayeneba.erT-erTi
mTavari mizani dakiTxvisa aris swored aRiarebiTi Cvenebis miReba.zimbardos
(1967) mixedviT danaSaulebrivi saqmis 80
% aRiarebiTi Cvenebis safuZvelzea gaxsnili.aseTi mtkicebulebis gareSe msjavris
dadeba Semcirdebobda 70%-iT.
cru aRiarebiTi Cvenebis safuZvelze
dakavebul udanaSaulo adamianTa sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi yofnis saSualo
droa 13,5 weli.aseTi Cvenebis mqone adamianTa 92% mamakacia.xolo 63% aris 25
wlamde axalgazrda.
ganaCenis simcdaris da adamianebis
udanaSaulobis aRmoCena yvelaze xSirad xdeba namdvili braldebulis aRmoCeniT an
axali mtkicebulebis mopovebiT.
profesor stiv drizinis da riCard leos
kvlevaSi 125 cru aRiarebiTi Cvenebidan 80% exeboda mkvlelobas.
bedaus da radaletis mixedviT (1987)
aSS-Si 350 saqmidan 49 (11.4%)
SemTxvevaSi adgili hqonda iZulebiT dakiTxvisagan miRebul cru aRiarebiT
Cvenebas,rac weliwadSi daaxloebiT 300 cru Cvenebas gulisxmobs.
oTxi saukunis winaT aRiarebiTi Cveneba yovelgvari
sxva samxilis gareSe sakmarisi iyo saqmis gasaxsnelad.garda amisa
wameba,fizikuri Zaladoba miRebul meTods warmoadgenda Cvenebis
mosapovelbad.mecxramete saukuneSi
sasamarTlo aRar kmayofildeboda aRiarebiTi CvenebiT da samxiladac ki SeiZleboda ar mieRo im
SemTxvevaSi Tu ar cnobda sandod. 1900-iani wlebis dasawyisSi samarTaldamcavebis
mier eWvmitanilebze fizikuri zewolis Sedegad miRebulma aRiarebiTma Cvenebebma
imdenad imata,rom miRebul iqna cvlileba dakiTxvis Sesaxeb.samarTaldamcavebs
aekrZalaT yvelanairi Zalis gamoyenebis ufleba dakiTxvis dros da mTeli procesi
gaxda nebayoflobiTi.garda amisa aikrZala dasakiTx pirze fsiqologiuri
Zaladoba.1966 wels miRebul iqna kanoni,romlis mixedviTac braldebuls dakiTxvis
dawyebamde unda miewodos informacia,rom aqvs dumilis ufleba.Tu es ufleba
braldebuls ar waredgina aRiarebiTi Cveneba sasamarTloze mtkicebulebad ar
CaiTvleba.
erT-erTi mizezi cru aRiarebiTi
Cvenebisa aris dasakiTxi piris STagoneba;
Gudjonsson
and Clark (1986)-is mixedviT STagonebadobaze saubrisas
sayuradReboa individualuri sxvaobebi.maT gamoyves 5 komponenti STamagonebeli
dakiTxvisa: 1.axlo socialuri interaqcia dasakiTx pirsa da damkiTxvels Soris.
2.dakiTxvis procedura,romelic gulisxmobs or an met adamians. 3)STamagonebeli
stimulebi. 4) STamagonebeli stimulebis miReba. 5) qceviTi (araverbaluri)
mimaniSneblebi imis Sesaxeb xdeba Tu ara dasakiTxi piris STagoneba. sxva tipis
STagonebisagan dakiTxvaze warmoebuli STagoneba gansxvavdeba SemdegiT a) axlo
socialuri interaqcia b) kiTxvebi exeba axlo warsulSi momxdar faqtebs.
g)situacias aqvs daurwmuneblobis komponenti d) dakiTxvaze yofna stresul
mdgomareobas iwvevs. am SemTxvevaSi dakiTxvis mwarmoebels SeuZlia moaxdinos
manipulacia dasakiTxi piris daurwmuneblobis,interpersonaluri ndobis da
molodinebis gamoyenebiT.
dasakiTxi piris individualuri
maxasiaTeblebi gansazRvravs misi STagonebadobis xarisxs,es maxasiaTeblebia:
dabali inteleqti,mexsierebis mcire moculoba,dabali TviTSefaseba,sakuTar TavSi
daurwmunebloba da SfoTva.
Eysenck (1964)-is Tanaxmad introverti adamianebi ufro STagonebadebi arian,vidre
eqstravertebi.deliqventuri qcevis mqone kriminalebi ufro metad eqstacertebi
arian,Sesabamisad dakiTxvis teqnikebic maT Sesabamisadaa SemuSavebuli. aseTi
teqnikis gamoyenebam introvert adamianze SesaZloa misi STagoneba da cru
aRiarebiTi Cveneba gamoiwvios.
cru aRiarebiTi Cvenebis tipebi:
1.iZulebiTi cru aRiarebiTi Cveneba:
A
eWvmitanilebis mier am tipis aRiarebiTi Cvenebis micemis motivia
policielebisagan fizikuri Zaladobis Tavidan arideba,xangrZlivi dakiTxvis dasruleba,saxlSi wasvlis nebarTvis
mopoveba,xangrZlivi dakiTxvis dasruleba.cru aRiarebiT CvenebebSi iZulebiT cru
aRiareba yvelaze did procents moicavs.Tumca yvela iZulebiTi aRiarebiTi Cveneba
ar aris cru.
2.ganzrax cru aRiarebiTi Cveneba
34% cru aRiarebiTi Cvenebis modis am kategoriaze.
skolis moswavlem meore moswavle daadanaSaula saskolo bendis oTaxidan musikaluri
instrumentebis moparvaSi,braldebulma daadastura qurdobis faqti,Tumca ver daasaxela detalebi,Semdgom
aRmoCnda,rom danaSauli ar iyo mis mier Cadenili.cru aRiarebis motivi ki
megobari gogonasaTvis Tavis mowoneba iyo.
zogierT SemTxvevaSi aseTi tipis
aRiareba gamowveulia fsiqikuri aSlilobiT.janmrTeli fsiqikis SemTxvevaSi motivi
mravali SeiZleba iyos,magaliTad cixeSi Cajdomis gziT bevrad ufro mZime
danaSualis Cadenis eWvmitanilobis Tavidan arideba.kidev erTi gavrcelebuli
motivia sayvareli/axlobeli adamianis mier
Cadenil danaSaulze pasuxismgeblobis aReba,maTi dakavebis aridebis mizniT.zogierT
SemTxvevaSi ki motivi
ubralod xalxis yuradRebac ki SeiZleba aRmoCndes.
3.iZulebiT gaTavisebuli aRiarebiTi
Cveneba
A am
tipis aRiarebas vxvdebiT maSin,rodesac policielebi STaagoneben eWvmitanils,rom
is aris damnaSave da ar axsovs momxdari.literaturaSi moixsenieba rogorc Ee.w
mexsierebisadmi undoblobis sinromi.21% cru aRiaarebiTi Cvenebebisa swored am
tipze modis.aq gvxvdeba sami qvekatergoria eWvmitanilebisa:
1.WeSmaritad
damnaSaveebi,romlebic aRiareben danaSauls,Tumca SfoTianobis da aRznebulobis
maRali xarisxis gamo ver xdeba dadgena aRiarebis
simcdare/WeSmaritebisa.2.damnaSave romelsac ar axsovs danaSaulis
Cadena,miuxedavad imisa,rom is marTlac damnaSavea aRiareba mainc arasandod
miiCneva,vinaidan braldebuli ver ixsenebs detalebs.
3.mesame
qvetips warmoadgenen eWvmitanilebi,romlebsac ar CaudeniaT danaSauli da
dakiTxvis procesSi moxda maTi STagoneba,ris Sedegadac miiCneven Tavs braleulad.
aseTi tipis aRiarebiTi Cvenebis
magaliTia 1986 wlis tom soieris
SemTxveva.tom soieris karis mezobeli gogonas SiSveli gvami napovni iqna missive
sawolSi,soieri eWvmitanilad miiCnies gamokiTxvisas nerviuli qcevis gamo.momdevno
dRes tomi daibares dakiTxvaze,romelic 16 saaTs grZeldeboda.eWvmitanilis TqmiT
mas hqonda SfoTviTi aSliloba da alkoholdamokidebuleba aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi
.anonimur alkoholikTa wreze siarulis Sedegad ki 12 Tvis manZilze sifxizle
hqonda SenarCunebuli. STamagonebeli dakiTxvis Sedegad tomma aRiara mezoblis
mkvleloba,faqtis daviwyebis mizezad
miiCia wveris sapars saSualebaSi
spirtis Semcveloba,romelsac SeiZleba gamoewvia post-alkoholuri mexsierebis
daqviTeba.aRiarebas tomma isic daumata,rom msxverpli gaaupatiura da danaSaulis
adgilidan misi samzareulos dana waiRo.eqspertizam daadgina,rom mokluli ar
yofila gaupatiurebuli,xolo dana danaSaulis Cadenamde iyo dakarguli.
Seusabamobebis gamo tomis aRiareba ar iqna miCneuli sandod.
Aararsebuli aRiareba
Aararsebuli aRiarebis dros,eWvmitanili
ar aRiarebs danaSauls,Tumca mis monaTxrobSi aris raRac mamxilebeli.es SeiZleba
iyos cru alibi da sxva.
tansacmlis maRaziidan moparul iqna
Tanxa,amis Sesaxeb policias acnoba menejerma,romelic weliwadze meti iyo
dasaqmebuli maRaziaSi.policiam eWvmitanilad miiCnia meore TanamSromeli,romelsac
axaldawyebuli hqonda maRaziaSi muSaoba da menejerze axalgazrda iyo.dakiTxvis
Sedegad axalgazrda TanamSromelma ar aRiara danaSauli,Tumca ganacxada,rom
aanazRaurebda maRaziis zarals.gamoZiebam daadgina,rom qurdoba Caidina menejerma.
Sejameba
imisaTvis,rom moxdes cru aRiarebiTi
Cvenebis Tavidan arideba saWiroa gamokiTxva/dakiTxvis individualuri gegmis
Sedgena,taqtikis sworad SerCeva,gamokiTxvis procesSi gamomZieblis moqniloba,rac
kiTxvebis sworad SerCevaSi gamoixateba.efeqturi komunikaciis unarebis floba
aucilebeli elementia sasurveli Sedegebis misaRebad.
kvlevebma aCvena,rom cru aRiarebiT
Cvenebaze gavlenas axdens dakiTxvis droc,rac ufro did xans grZeldeba
dakiTxva,miT metia albaToba arasando Cvenebis miRebisa (Leo
& Ofshe, 1998; Munsterberg, 1908; White, 1998).
imisaTvis rom,aRiarebiT Cvenebas
hqondes mtkicebulebis Zala,mas unda erTvodes damadasturebeli samxilebi.
Cvenebis WeSmariteba-mcdarobis
dadgenisas mTavaria davadginoT cru aRiarebiTi Cvenebis micemis motivi.garda
amisa Cveneba,romelic ar moicavs detalizacias
da ZiriTadi aqcenti momxdaris Sesaxeb pasuxismgeblobis aRebaze keTdeba
nakleb sandoa.
ავტორი:
თამარ ჟვანია
gamoyenebuli literatura:
The Journal of
Credibility Assessment and Witness Psychology
The Psychology of False
Confessions
Richard P. Conti
No comments:
Post a Comment